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The 2014-15 Ebola outbreak in West Africa highlighted the potential for large disease outbreaks caused by emerging pathogens and has generated considerable focus on preparedness for future epidemics. Here we discuss drivers, strategies and practical considerations for developing vaccines against outbreak pathogens. Chimpanzee adenoviral (ChAd) vectors have been developed as vaccine candidates for multiple infectious diseases and prostate cancer. ChAd vectors are safe and induce antigen-specific cellular and humoral immunity in all age groups, as well as circumventing the problem of pre-existing immunity encountered with human Ad vectors. For these reasons, such viral vectors provide an attractive platform for stockpiling vaccines for emergency deployment in response to a threatened outbreak of an emerging pathogen. Work is already underway to develop vaccines against a number of other outbreak pathogens and we will also review progress on these approaches here, particularly for Lassa fever, Nipah and MERS.

Original publication

DOI

10.1080/21645515.2017.1383575

Type

Journal article

Journal

Hum Vaccin Immunother

Publication Date

02/12/2017

Volume

13

Pages

3020 - 3032

Keywords

Lassa fever, MERS Co-V, Nipah, Vaccines, viral vectors, Adenoviridae, Animals, Betacoronavirus, Drug Carriers, Drug Discovery, Genetic Vectors, Humans, Pan troglodytes, Vaccines